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An Evaluation of Lactobacillus Acidophilus-Treated Jojoba Meal in Beef Cattle Diets^1,2,

University of Arizona, Tucson 85721

Abstract

Incubation with Lactobacillus acidophilus 629 effectively reduced concentrations of simmondsin and simmondsin-2'-ferulate, the major toxicants in jojoba meal. The effect of this microbiological treatment on acceptability of jojoba meal to ruminants was evaluated by offering pelleted 70% concentrate diets containing 10% of untreated jojoba meal (JM), treated jojoba meal (TJM) or cottonseed meal (CSM) in pairs, or singly, to four individually fed steers/ treatment. When given a choice, steers selected the CSM diet (83% of total intake) in preference (P<.05) to the JM diet but did not discriminate between CSM and TJM diets or between JM and TJM diets. In a companion experiment, lambs showed a definite preference (P<.05) in each choice, selecting CSM (95% of total intake) over JM, CSM (82% of total intake) over TJM and TJM (97% of total intake) over JM diets. When no alternative was available, steers receiving the JM and TJM diets consumed 46 (P<.05) and 22% (P<.10) less feed, respectively, over a 5-wk period than did those receiving the CSM diet (6.7 kg/d). A metabolism trial and a performance trial with five and six individually fed steers/treatment, respectively, were conducted to compare isonitrogenous diets containing TJM (10%) or CSM. Nitrogen (N) retention as a percentage of N intake was 21% lower (P<.05) for steers consuming the TJM diet, primarily because of its lower (P<.05) protein digestibility (42 vs 52%). There was no difference between diets in N retained as a percentage of N absorbed. Digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter and gross energy were also lower (P<.05) for the TJM diet, although this could be accounted for largely by the decrease in protein digestibility. In the performance trial, daily gains were 18% lower (P<.10) and feed requirements 14% higher (P<.05) for steers fed the TJM diet compared with those fed the CSM diet. The data indicate that treatment with Lactobacillus acidophilus 629 can moderate, if not eliminate, the factor(s) in JM that adversely affect feed intake by ruminants. Nevertheless, the digesti- bility, N balance and performance data show that the TJM used in these studies was not equivalent to CSM as a source of supplemental protein for steers.

¹ Arizona Agr. Exp. Sta. Journal Article No. 3722.

² The authors wish to acknowledge A. J. Verbiscar, Anver Bioscience Design, Inc., Sierra Madre, CA, for providing the jojoba meals used in these studies. This research was supported in part by a subcontract with Anver Bioscience Design, Inc. under their National Science Foundation Grant No. AER 76-23895.