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Dietary Energy Density and Frame Size Effects on Composition of Gain in Feedlot Cattle^1,2,

Michigan State University⁴, East Lansing 48824

Abstract

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary energy density or genetic background on protein and fat gain of growing cattle. In Exp. 1, 24 Limousin steers were used in a growing-finishing trial. A 2 x 2 factorial arrangement was used with steers randomly allotted to four treatment combinations and fed the following diets: 80% concentrate, high moisture corn-corn silage diet (HI) or a corn silage diet (LO) during both the growing (GRO) and(or) the finishing (FIN) phases. Body composition for both experiments was determined by a deuterium oxide dilution technique. Empty body weight gains were greater (P<.05) for HI during GRO, FIN and the total trial. Daily protein gains (DPG) were greater (P<.05) for HI during GRO and FIN, while cattle receiving HI during at least FIN had the greatest (P<.05) overall DPG. Daily fat gains (DFG) followed the pattern of DPG, being more rapid (P<.05) for cattle fed HI during either GRO or FIN. Cattle fed the HI diet also tended to be more energetically efficient. In Exp. 2, large frame (LG) and small frame (SM) cattle were used for the evaluation of frame size effects on protein and fat deposition. Steers were individually fed an 80% concentrate, corn-based diet during the entire trial. Average daily gains and daily dry matter intake (P<.05, P<.01) were greater for LG, while feed efficiency was similar for both cattle types. Large cattle had greater (P<.05) DPG than SM cattle, however, DFG were not different. Small frame steers were energetically more efficient (P<.05), apparently due to composition of gain difference.

¹ Michigan Agr. Exp. Sta. Journal Article Number 10965.

² The authors express their appreciation to Dr. F. M. Byers for his aid in the D20 dilution procedure.

³ Present address: Dept. of Anim. Sci., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA 24061.

⁴ Dept. of Anim. Sci.