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Effects of Monensin, Pyromellitic Diimide and 2-Bromoethanesulfonic Acid on Rumen Fermentation In Vitro^1,2,

University of California⁴, Davis 95616

Abstract

The effects of monensin, 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid (2-BES) and pyromellitic diimide (diimide) on gas and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production by the rumen microbiota were compared in mixed culture. Oat hay, a hay-concentrate mixture (48% hay, 43% concentrate) and a soluble carbohydrate mixture were used as substrates for microbial growth. The highest concentrations of diimide (10 ppm) and 2-BES (30 µM) decreased methanogenesis by 97 and 76%, respectively, while H₂ accumulation was increased 30- and 20-fold, respectively. The effect of monensin on methanogenesis was less dramatic as 10 ppm decreased CH₄ accumulation 16% and H₂ did not accumulate. Diimide and 2-BES decreased the acetate:propionate ratio with the hay (P<.05) and soluble carbohydrate mixture (P<.025). The numbers of saccharolytic, cellulolytic and methanogenic bacteria from sheep fed a diet with diimide (60 ppm) did not differ significantly from sheep fed a control diet. Semicontinuous culture incubations indicated that the mixed rumen microbial population could adapt and degrade diimide after 24 h of incubation.

¹ From M.S. thesis of S. A. Martin.

² The authors thank Robert E. Hungate for valuable discussions and the use of his gas chromatograph, Bob Farrand for technical assistance and many helpful discussions. Appreciation is extended to James B. Russell for critical reading of this manuscript and helpful comments. This research was supported by a gift from Merck Therapeutic Laboratories and the United States Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service.

³ Present address: Dept. of Anim. Sci., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853.

⁴ Dept. of Anim. Sci.

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