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Effect of Dietary Gestation and Lactation Protein Levels on Reproductive Performance and Body Composition of First-Litter Female Swine^1,2,

The Ohio State University and The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster 44691

Abstract

A 2 x 3 factorial split-plot experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary protein on the performance and calculated body compositions of 45 first-litter sows using the D2O dilution technique at various reproductive stages. Animals were initially fed 1.82 kg daily of a 14% protein diet to 14 d postcoitum. Subsequently, two gestation protein levels (5 or 14%) were daily fed at 1.82 kg from 15 d postcoitum to parturition with three dietary lactation protein levels (5, 14 or 23%) fed from parturition to 28 d postpartum. Maternal body compositions were determined at 17, 35, 70, 85 and 105 d postcoitum and 7, 14 and 28 d postpartum using prediction equations reported previously. Gravid sows demonstrated higher maternal tissue accretion of all body chemical components from 14 to 70 d than from 70 to 105 d postcoitum. Sows fed the 5% protein gestation diet had more maternal fat but less protein accretion than those fed the 14% protein at each measurement interval. During the last trimester, those sows fed the 5% protein diet catabolized body protein reserves. Gravid sows fed the 14% protein gestation diet catabolized more maternal protein and water between 105 d postcoitum and 7 d postpartum than those fed the 5% protein diet. Litter and pig birth weights were lower and postpartum mortality higher for sows fed the 5% rather than the 14% protein gestation diet. Sows fed the 5% protein lactation diet mobilized more maternal tissue, particularly fat, between 7 and 28 d postpartum than those fed 14 or 23% protein lactation diets. These results suggest that labile maternal body protein reserves are used by gravid and nursing dams to fulfill reproductive needs and that dietary protein sequence affects the dam's performance and body composition.

¹ Salaries and research support provided by State and Federal Funds appropriated to the Ohio Agr. Res. and Dev. Center, The Ohio State Univ. Journal Article No. 36-84.

² Appreciation is expressed to T. Hartman and P. L. Graham for their help in data collection and to Dr. J. Holman for statistical analysis.

³ Present address: Farmland Industries, 103 W. 26th Ave., North Kansas City, MO 64116.

⁴ Reprint requests to: Dept. of Anim. Sci., The Ohio State Univ., Wooster.

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