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Effect of Alcohol Treatments of Soybean Meal on Ruminal Escape of Soybean Meal Protein

University of Illinois^3,4,, Urbana 61801

Abstract

Five rumen and duodenal cannulated steers were used in a 5 x 5 Latin square design to estimate the amount of soybean meal (SBM) protein escaping rumen degradation. The five nitrogen (N) sources investigated were urea, hexane extracted dehulled SBM (control), SBM treated with 50% (v/v) ethanol, SBM treated with 40% (v/v) propanol and SBM treated with ethanol in combination with heat and pressure (EHSBM⁵). All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Urea and casein were added to all diets to ensure that adequate levels of rumen ammonia and branched chain amino acids were present. Lanthanum oxide (La) and chromium-ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Cr-EDTA) served as solid and liquid phase markers, respectively. Duodenal N flow averaged 133.9% of N intake for steers fed diets containing 11.0% crude protein. Total bacterial N flows ranged from 98.7 g/d for steers fed urea to 87.7 g/d for steers fed EHSBM, but values were not different (P>.05). The percentage of SBM-N escaping rumen degradation was 38.8, 45.2, 45.4 and 56.7% for the control, ethanol, propanol and EHSBM treatments, respectively. Apparent rumen dry matter digestion averaged 44.9% and was not affected (P>.05) by treatment. In situ residual N was determined after 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18 h of rumen incubation. The rate of disappearance between 3 and 18 h was 14.6, 13.3, 11.3 and 9.9%/h for the four SBM treatments (control, 50% ethanol-treated SBM, 40% propanol-treated SBM, EHSBM), respectively.

¹ The senior author gratefully acknowledges the Stichting, Fond Landbouw Export Bureau 1916/1918, Wageningen, the Netherlands, for partial financial assistance during his studies.

² Present address: CLO Instituut voor de Veevoeding ‘De Schothorst’, Meerkoetenweg 26, 8218 NA Lelystad, The Netherlands.

³ Dept. of Anim. Sci.

⁴ Research supported in part by Land O'Lakes, Inc., Fort Dodge, IA.

⁵ Land O'Lakes Inc., Fort Dodge, IA.