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Nutrient Intake and Efficiency of Calf Production by Two-Breed Cross Cows¹

Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078

Abstract

Individual consumption of total digestible nutrients (TDN) was measured on 105 two-breed cross cows (Hereford x Angus reciprocal crosses, HA; Simmental x Angus, SA; Simmental x Hereford, SH; Brown Swiss x Angus, BA; Brown Swiss x Hereford BH; Jersey x Angus, JA and Jersey x Hereford, JH) and their three-breed cross calves managed in drylot. Cows were 4 to 6 yr of age and mated to Charolais or Limousin bulls. Cows remained in the drylot for a period of approximately 1 yr (from weaning one year to weaning the next year). Ad libitum consumption of corn silage was allowed for about 4 h each day and fixed amounts of grain and protein supplement were fed as needed. Calf creep feed was provided during the latter portion of lactation. Compared with the average weight of HA cows (454 kg), SA cows were 7% heavier, SH, BA and BH cows were similar, while JH and JA cows were 15 and 22% lighter in weight, respectively. Total intake of TDN by cow and calf for the 365-d drylot period was greatest for the SA group (2,309 kg), exceeding that of the HA group by 11.2%. The JA group consumed 7.2% less than HA, while other groups were similar to HA in TDN intake. Daily intake of TDN for the 365-d period, expressed as a percentage of cow weight and cow weight^.75, was highest for the smaller J crosses. The ratio of 365-d TDN intake to 205-d calf weight, a measure of weaning efficiency, averaged 10.0 kg/kg for JH, BH and SH, 10.5 kg/kg for HA and BA and 10.9 kg/kg for JA and SA. When TDN intake was adjusted for cow weight change, crossbred cow group was not a significant source of variation for kg TDN/205-d calf weight.

¹ Journal Article 4383 of the Agr. Exp. Sta., Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater. Research was conducted by the Anim. Sci. Dept. (Project 1502) in cooperation with USDA, SEA, Southern Region and contributes to the Regional Beef Cattle Breeding Project, NC-1.