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Fetal Hepatic and Neural Substrate Utilization as Affected by Induced Nutritional Ketosis in Swine

US Department of Agriculture³, Beltsville, MD 20705

Abstract

Systemic ketosis was induced in first-parity gilts by the isocaloric substitution of glucose with 1,3-butylene glycol to supply 20% of the total dietary energy beginning on d 23 (23 BG) or d 60 (60 BG) of gestation. Ketosis reduced (P<.05) maternal plasma glucose, urea N and insulin concentrations. Fetal carcass dry matter and carcass glycogen contents were reduced (P<.05) by maternal ketogenic calorie substitution, whereas fetal hepatic glycogen and lipid contents were not influenced by maternal treatment. Neural acetate oxidation was reduced (P<.05) in the 23 BG and 60 BG fetuses, with a concurrent increase (P<.05) in β-hy-droxybutyrate (BOHB) oxidation. Neural lipo-genesis measured from acetate and BOHB substrates was nominal in the d 105 pig fetus. Fetal hepatic acetate and BOHB utilization for lipogenesis were increased (P<.05) by maternal ketosis. Reproductive performance characteristics (litter size, number stillborn and birth weight) were not improved by maternal ketosis. The substantial improvement in lactation weight gain by litters from 23 BG and 60 BG dams (20%, P<.05) may suggest a carryover effect of gestation dietary treatment on lactation performance.

¹ USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Science Institute, Nonruminant Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705.

² The authors express appreciation to D. R. Haines and J. M. Whitt for their technical assistance in this study.

³ Mention of a trade name does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the USDA and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable.