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Effect of Inorganic Selenium Supplementation on Selenosis in Postweaning Swine^{1, 2, 3,}

The Ohio State University and and The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster 44691

Abstract

A total of 72 pigs weaned at 4 wk of age were allotted by litter and weight to nine treatment groups and fed 20% protein corn soybean meal diets supplemented with various levels of inorganic Se during a 37-d postweaning period. Eight groups were fed diets with 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10, 15, 20 or 40 ppm Se provided as sodium selenite, while a ninth was offered the 0- and 40-ppm Se diets in separate feeders. Gains and feed intakes were similar during the trial for the 0- and 2.5-ppm Se diets. Both gain and feed intake declined as dietary Se levels above 5.0 ppm increased. At a dietary Se concentration of 40 ppm, feed consumption ceased within a few days of feeding and subsequent gains were negative. Pigs offered both the 0-and 40-ppm Se diets preferentially selected the basal as compared with the 40-ppm Se diet. When the feeders were switched at 28 d they refused the 40-ppm Se diet within a few hours. After a 17-d period, pigs fed the 20- or 40-ppm Se diet were not able to coordinate their walk, with many exhibiting an inability to stand. Alopecia was demonstrated in pigs fed 15 ppm Se or higher at 17 d, but was evident in the 5.0-ppm group at 37 d. At the termination of the trial, abnormal hoof formation at the coronary band was evident in pigs fed diets containing Se 5 ppm. Serum Se increased linearly to the 20 ppm dietary Se level during the first 3 wk postweaning and plateaued at about 15 ppm at 37 d postweaning. These results suggest that a dietary level of 2.5 ppm did not depress postweaning performance in weanling swine and that a dietary level of 5.0 ppm or higher would depress feed consumption, pig performance and produce classical symptoms of selenosis.

¹ Salaries and research support provided by State and Federal Funds appropriated to the Ohio Agr. Res. and Dev. Center, The Ohio State Univ. Journal Article No. 119-83.

² Appreciation is expressed to T. Hartman, B. Taylor and G. Smith for their help in the collection of performance data.

³ A preliminary summary of this data was presented at the 1981 Fourth Int. Symp. on Trace Element Metab. in Man and Animals (Perth, Australia).

⁴ Anim. Sci. Dept., Ohio State Univ., Wooster.