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Use of Carbohydrate and Fat as Energy Source by Obese and Lean Swine¹

US Department of Agriculture^2,3,4,, Clay Center, NE 68933

Abstract

Genetically obese and lean pigs were fed isonitrogenous-isoenergetic (digestible energy) amounts of a high or low fat diet from 25 kg body weight. Obese pigs gained less and required more feed per unit gain than lean pigs. Lean pigs were more muscular with less fat than obese pigs. Obese pigs utilized more dietary amino acids for energy (greater plasma urea N) than did lean pigs. Weight gain was similar at all intermediate periods in obese pigs fed the two diets. However, gain tended (P.10) to be greater and the ratio of dietary energy intake to gain tended (P.10) to be less in obese pigs fed high compared with low fat diets. Similar results were observed in lean pigs fed the two diets. The high fat diet produced more carcass adipose tissue deposition in both strains after 20 wk of feeding (detectable by ultrasound at 14, but not at 7 wk). Adipose tissue lipogenic rate (glucose incorporation) was similarly depressed by fat feeding in both obese and lean pigs. Obese and lean pigs both utilized dietary carbohydrate and fat differentially but there was no indication of genetic divergence regarding this utilization. In both strains of pigs, energy from the fat-enriched diet was preferentially partitioned into carcass adipose tissue.

¹ A preliminary report of some of these data was presented at the Joint Annu. Meet of Can.-Amer. Soc. of Anim. Sci. at Univ. of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario; August 9–11, 1982 (Abstract #258).

² Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, Clay Center, NE 68933.

³ Mention of a trade name, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the USDA and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that may be suitable.

⁴ We would like to acknowledge the provision of statistical anlaysis by L-H. W. Yen; technical assistance of J. A. Dague; laboratory assistance by D. L. Ochsner, L-H. W. Yen and R. Chloupek; carcass measurement and fabrication by N. Cook and associates; secretarial assistance by J. K. Byrkit, and animal care and feed mixing by Dr. R. N. Lindvall and associates.