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Antibiotic Resistance of Fecal Coliforms from Swine Fed Subtherapeutic and Therapeutic Levels of Chlortetracycline^1,2,

University of Kentucky, Agricultural Experiment Station, Lexington 40546

Abstract

The effect of feeding subtherapeutic (27.5 µg/g of diet for 85 d) and therapeutic (220 µg/g of diet for 14 d, followed by an antibiotic-free diet for 71 d) levels of chlortetracycline (CTC) on the antibiotic resistance of fecal coliforms of pigs from two herds (36 pigs/herd) with different histories of antibiotic exposure when housed in a newly constructed confinement facility was determined. The CTC-resistant coliforms were higher (65 vs 51%) for antibiotic (AB) pigs than for nonantibiotic (NAB) pigs after they had been fed an antibiotic-free diet for 21 d. Percentages of isolates resistant to ampicillin, kanamycin, neomycin and tetracycline and multiple antibiotic resistance were greater (P<.05) in AB pigs after 21 d. Feeding subtherapeutic CTC resulted in a linear increase in CTC-resistant coliforms with time on experiment (P<.03, NAB; P<.06, AB). The CTC-resistant coliforms increased during the 14 d that therapeutic CTC was fed, then they decreased during the 71 d that the antibiotic-free diet was fed, resulting in a quadratic response with time (P<.03, AB). Feeding subtherapeutic CTC resulted in a greater increase in CTC-resistant coliforms in AB (47%) than in NAB (23%) pigs. The CTC-resistant coliforms decreased after the therapeutic group had been returned to the antibiotic-free diet (P<.05, NAB). Feeding CTC caused greater changes in the precentages of isolates from NAB pigs that were resistant to selected antibiotics and in multiple antibiotic resistance than in isolates from AB pigs. The return of pigs from therapeutic CTC to an antibiotic-free diet did not result in a decrease in antibiotic resistance. In fact, antibiotic resistance and multiple antibiotic resistance tended to be less for isolates from pigs fed subtherapeutic CTC continuously.

¹ Journal paper No. 83-5-69. Dept. of Anim. Sci.

² The authors are grateful to Katherine Akers and Michael Aviotti for their technical assistance during this study.

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