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Nitrogen Metabolism of Ruminant Animals: Historical Perspective, Current Understanding and Future Implications^1,2,

Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078 and Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1225

Abstract

Nitrogen metabolism of ruminant animals has been the subject of thousands of research publications. Study of ruminal and intestinal function continues. The quantitative and qualitative importance of ruminal microbes as a source of protein have become apparent in many trials, and factors controlling microbial protein synthesis or growth of microbes as well as ruminal degradation of dietary protein have been explored. Information on the supply side of the protein ledger (ruminal synthesis bypass or escape of dietary protein; intestinal digestion) exceeds current knowledge of quantitative needs for amino acids. Descriptive models of N metabolism have evolved that amalgamate current concepts. With furer amendments, these systems should prove useful in diet formulation to more fully utilize ruminal fermentation and increase productive efficiency of ruminant animals. Expanding knowledge of ruminal N metabolism will permit greater control and manipulation of the processes of ruminal fermentation and postruminal digestion.

Key Words: Nitrogen • Protein • Ruminal Microbes • Ruminant Digestion • Nonprotein Nitrogen

¹ Oklahoma Agr. Exp. Sta. Journal Article No. 4262.

² Michigan Agr. Exp. Sta. Journal Article No. 10640

³ Dept. of Anim. Sci. and Industry, Oklahoma State Univ.

⁴ Dept. of Anim. Sci., Michigan State Univ.