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Role of Bentonite in Prevention of T-2 Toxicosis in Rats^1,2,3,4,

University of Geulph^,7, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1

⁶ To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Abstract

Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of bentonite and nonnutritive dietary polymers on toxicity and metabolism of T-2 toxin in rats. Male weanling rats were fed diets containing 5% bentonite, anion exchange resin, cation exchange resin or vermiculite-hydro-biotite. Each diet was fed with and without 3 µug T-2 toxin/g of feed for 2 wk. Bentonite and anion exchange resin were the treatments most successful at overcoming growth depression and feed refusal caused by T-2 toxin. Subsequent experiments tested bentonite and anion exchange resin at 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10% of the diet. Bentonite fed at 10% was the most effective treatment at overcoming feed refusal and growth depression. Rats were fed 0, 5, 7.5 or 10% bentonite for 2 wk and then dosed with [³H] T-2 toxin. Urine and feces were collected for 21 h after dosing and tissues were excised for determination of residual ³H. Feeding bentonite had little effect on the fraction of the dose excreted in the urine. Significant increases in fecal excretion of H were shown, when the feeding of 5, 7.5 or 10% bentonite was compared with the casein-based, semi-purified control diet. Dietary bentonite had no effect on residual ³H in liver or kidney, but all concentrations of bentonite tested reduced residual H in muscle. More ³H was found in the digesta in the small intestine and in the wall of the intestinal tissue when rats fed 5% bentonite were compared with the controls. Intestinal transit time for rats fed bentonite diets was reduced compared with that of the controls as indicated by chromic oxide marker studies. It was concluded that bentonite feeding prevents T-2 toxicosis by reducing intestinal absorption and increasing fecal excretion of the toxin.

¹ Supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and The Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food.

² The technical assistance of Mrs. Margaret Rich and Mr. Donald Saunders is gratefully recognized. Chromium analyses were performed by Mr. Ken Bush.

³ Presented in part at the 73rd Annu. Meet, of the Amer. Soc. of Anim. Sci., Raleigh NC, 1981 and at the Joint Meeting of the Amer. Can. Soc. of Anim. Sci., Guelph, Ontario, 1982.

⁴ Described in part in the M.S. thesis presented by M.S. Carson to the Faculty of Graduate Studies, Univ. of Guelph, 1982.

⁵ Current address: Robin Hood Multifoods Inc., Willowdale, Ontario.

⁷ Dept. of Nutr.

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