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Condensed Molasses Solubles, Corn Steep Liquor and Fermented Ammoniated Condensed Whey as Protein Sources for Beef Cattle Grazing Dormant Native Range^1,2,

Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Stillwater 74078

Abstract

Condensed molasses solubles (CMS), corn steep liquor (CSL) and fermented ammoniated condensed whey (FACW) were compared with cottonseed meal as crude protein (CP) sources for wintering cattle on native range. In trial 1, 60 nonlactating, pregnant cows were fed four protein supplements: negative control (NC, .07 kg CP/d), positive control (PC, .20 kg CP/d), CMS (.17 kg CP/d) and CSL (.21 kg CP/d) for 84 d. Weight losses were lower (P<.001) for PC (5.0 kg) and CSL (10.0 kg) than for NC (25.9 kg) and CMS (25.0 kg). Rumen ammonia levels were higher (P<.001) for cows fed CSL and CMS than for controls. In trial 2, 61 lactating, first-calf heifers were fed four protein supplements: NC (.31 kg CP/d), PC (.67 kg CP/d), CSL (.68 kg CP/d) and FACW (.68 kg CP/d) for 84 d. Cattle fed NC lost more (P<.005) weight (54.4 kg) and body condition (1.6 units) than those fed PC (20.8 kg and .9 units), CSL (25.0 kg and .8 units) and FACW (22.5 kg and .7 units). Compared with controls, feeding FACW resulted in lower (P<.05) ruminal pH and acetate levels and higher (P<.05) ruminal ammonia, soluble carbohydrate, propionate and butyrate concentrations. Feeding CSL resulted in lower (P<.05) ruminal pH and acetate levels and higher (P<.05) rumen butyrate, isovalerate and caproate levels. In trial 3, 32 yearling heifers were fed four protein supplements: NC (.10 kg CP/d), PC (.20 kg CP/d), CSL (.20 kg CP/d) and FACW (.21 kg CP/d) for 84 d. Weight gains of heifers fed CSL (8.0 kg) and FACW (4.2 kg) were greater (P<.005) than those fed the PC (–4.8 kg) and the NC (–22.4 kg). In trial 4, ammonia accumulated gradually in vitro from CSL and soybean meal, while ammonia concentrations in the FACW and ammonium lactate systems were constant over time. Corn steep liquor and FACW appeared to be effective protein sources for beef cattle grazing dormant native range.

¹ Journal Article 4188 of the Oklahoma Agr. Exp. Sta., Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater 74078.

² Partial support of this research by NAMOLCO, Inc., Willow Grove, PA 19090 is gratefully acknowledged.

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