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Skeletal Muscle Metabolism in Neonatal Lean and Obese Pigs¹

US Department of Agriculture^2,3,, Athens, GA 30613

Abstract

Nine lean and nine obese male pigs were examined at 14 d of age. The biceps femoris muscle of the obese pigs had a greater (P<.05) percentage dry matter, protein and triglycerides than the muscle of lean pigs. The rate of oxidation of glucose to C0² by the biceps femoris muscle was not influenced (P>.05) by phenotype but the rate was greater (P<.05) when incubations were conducted in either the presence of leucine or palmitate. Glycolytic flux was lower (P<.05) in the muscle of the obese pigs than in the muscle of lean pigs. Glycolytic flux was enhanced (P<.05) by addition of leucine or palmitate to the incubation media. The rate of release of lactate, pyruvate, alanine, glutamine and glutamate into the media was similar between phenotypes and was not influenced by the presence of leucine or palmitate (P>.05). The total amount of leucine transaminated was greater (P<.05) in the muscle of lean pigs than in the muscle of obese pigs. This was because of greater (P<.05) rates of decarboxylation of leucine and release of -ketoisocaproic acid into the media by the muscle of lean pigs when compared with the muscle of obese pigs. However, the ratio of leucine decarboxylated to -ketoisocaproic acid released was similar (P>.05) between the two phenotypes. The ratio of palmitate oxidized (to CO²) to palmitate esterified was greater (P<.01) in the muscle of the lean pigs than in the muscle of obese pigs. This latter finding may partially explain the greater triglyceride content of obese pig muscle. The generally lower rates of oxidation of substrates and of glycolytic flux in the biceps femoris muscle of obese pigs, when compared with lean pigs, may be associated with differences in body composition that develop during growth of lean and obese pigs.

¹ The authors thank Dr. R. W. Seerley, Dept. of Anim. Sci., Univ. of Georgia, for providing animal facilities and for maintaining the animals used in this study.

² Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA 30613

³ Mention of a trade name, proprietary product or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the USDA and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products whic may be suitable.