J. Anim Sci.
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J. Anim Sci. 1983. 56:1334-1339.
© 1983 American Society of Animal Science
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Nutrient Balance of Lactating Sows Fed Supplemental Tallow1

W. A. Lellis and V. C. Speer2,3,

Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiments Station, Ames 50011

Abstract

An experiment was conducted using 20 crossbred sows through two lactations in a crossover design to determine the effects of supplemental tallow on milk production and composition, sow nutrient balance and litter performance. Sows were paired on d 105 of gestation by farrowing date, parity, body weight and previous reproductive performance, then allotted to a 27% dextrose (D) or 15% tallow (T) diet. Diets were fed at the rate of 1.81 kg/d D and 1.54 kg/d T during gestation, and 5.56 kg/d D and 4.75 kg/d T during lactation. Calculated daily nutrient intake between diets varied only in the source of metabolizable energy (ME). Litters were standardized to 10 pigs and weaned on d 21. Milk yields were estimated on d 4 and 11 and milk samples were collected on d 5 and 12. A balance trial using total urine and fecal collection was conducted from d 5 to 10. Energy source did not affect number of pigs born, average birth weight or sow postpartum weight loss. Sows on T gained more (P<.05) during lactation than sows on D (7.8 vs 1.6 kg). Pigs from T sows had a higher rate of gain for each of the 3 wk of lactation, but only the third week was significant. Milk yield increased from d 4 to 11, but did not differ between diets. Addition of tallow increased milk fat as a percentage of whole milk (4.94 vs 6.57%; P<.005) or total g/d (258 vs 321; P<.01). The efficiency of milk energy production from ME was greater (P<.005) for T sows (31.5 vs 40.7%). Urinary N excretion was higher and N balance lower for T sows. Although dietary intakes were calculated to be isocaloric on a ME basis, energy retained was higher (P<.005) for T sows (17.8 vs 19.0 Mcal/d). Tallow did not affect Ca absorption or retention, but increased urine and milk Ca. Apparent absorption of P was increased by T (48.3 vs 57.8%), but urinary excretion also was higher. The ME value of tallow for the lactating sow seems considerably higher than reported values.

Footnotes

1 Journal Paper No. J-10744 of the Iowa Agr. and Home Econ. Exp. Sta., Ames. Project No. 2394.

2 Dept. of Anim. Sci.

3 The partial financial support of the Fats and Proteins Research Foundation, Inc., Des Plaines, IL 60018 is gratefully acknowledged.






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Copyright © 1983 by the American Society of Animal Science.