J. Anim Sci.
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J. Anim Sci. 1983. 56:369-379.
© 1983 American Society of Animal Science
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Simulation of Genetic Changes in Life Cycle Efficiency of Pork Production. III. Effects of Management Systems and Feed Prices on Importance of Genetic Components1

M. W. Tess2, G. L. Bennett3 and G. E. Dickerson4

University of Nebraska and and US Department of Agriculture, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908

Abstract

A deterministic, bioeconomic simulation model of pork-production efficiency was used to predict effects of alternate management systems and feed prices on relative importance of several genetic traits for unspecialized swine populations. Traits considered were increased number born alive (NBA), preweaning viability (VIAB), growth rate (GR) and lean growth rate (LGR) and decreased age at puberty (-PUB), percentage fat at 100 kg (-%F) and fat growth rate (-FGR). Independent unit genetic standard deviation changes in the means of each trait were used to simulate effects on four measures of input/output efficiency (H): Meal ME (metabolizable energy)/kg carcass lean (H1), Meal ME/kg empty body weight (H2), cost/100 kg carcass lean (H3) and cost/100 kg live weight (H4). Management alternatives were length of farrowing interval, sale weight, marketing by weight or age and doubling feed prices. System efficiency was improved for all Hi measures by reducing farrowing interval from 192 to 157 d. Increasing sale weight reduced biological efficiency (H1 and H2), but improved economic efficiency (H3 and H4). Longer farrowing intervals or lower sale weights increased relative importance of reproductive traits and decreased importance of growth traits, but left ranking of traits unchanged. Marketing by age rather than weight permitted greater genetic improvement in economic efficiency from increased GR and LGR by spreading sow costs over more weight of pig or lean marketed, without increasing feed costs. Doubling feed prices decreased relative importance of NBA and VIAB for H3 and H4 and magnified adverse effects of -%F, LGR and -FGR for H4. Optimal balance among breeding objectives will shift with future management-marketing systems.

Footnotes

1 Published as Paper No. 6731, Journal Ser., Nebraska Agr. Exp. Sta., Lincoln. Partial publication from senior author's Ph.D. dissertation.

2 Graduate Assistant, Dept. of Anim. Sci., Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln. Present address: Dept. of Anim. Sci., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh 27650.

3 Postdoctoral Research Associate, Dept. of Anim. Sci., Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln. Present address: Ruakura Anim. Res. Sta., Ministry of Agr. and Fisheries, Hamilton, New Zealand.

4 Roman L. Hruska US Meat Animal Research Center, ARS, USDA, 225 Marvel Baker Hall, Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583-0908.






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Copyright © 1983 by the American Society of Animal Science.