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University of Georgia3, Athens 30602
Abstract
Ten crossbred sows were used per treatment to determine production and composition of milk and litter growth. Treatment 1 consisted of a basal diet plus animal fat from d 109 of gestation until farrowing, then only the basal diet through lactation. Treatment 2 was the same level of basal diet plus animal fat from d 109 of gestation to d 21 of lactation. Treatment 3 was the basal diet plus cornstarch in amounts to provide the same energy levels as treatment 2. All treatments were isonitrogenous. Milk yield at d 14 of lactation was increased (P<.05) approximately 30% by the addition of lipids to sow diets. Average pig and litter weights were not different among treatments at birth or on d 7, 14 and 21 of lactation. Feeding fat to sows throughout lactation increased (P<.05) the percentage of total lipids in milk. There were no treatment differences in milk crude protein, lactose, total solids and solids-nonfat percentages and pH. Vitamin A content of milk was increased (P<.05) by lipid feeding during lactation. There were significant treatment X day of lactation interactions for palmitic and palmitoleic acid content, resulting in an overall lower level (P<.05) of these fatty acids in milk from sows fed lipids during lactation. Percentages of stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids did not differ between treatments, but milk from sows fed treatment 2 did tend to have elevated amounts of 18 carbon-length fatty acids in milk as lactation progressed. Data were summarized by day of lactation to examine changes in milk composition during lactation. Total lipids increased (P<.05) from farrowing to d 3 of lactation, and then tended to decline to weaning. Crude protein was higher (P<.05) in colostrum than in milk. Lactose tended to increase from colostrum to milk, while total solids and solids-nonfat tended to decrease. Vitamin A was highest (P<.05) in colostrum. In general, 16 carbon-length fatty acids increased (P<.05) as lactation continued, while 18 carbon-length fatty acids decreased (P<.05). The concentrations of 16 minerals were determined in milk. The Ca to P ratio increased from less than 1.0 at farrowing to approximately 1.5 at weaning. The K and Na concentrations decreased (P<.05) with each sampling period. Zinc decreased (P<.05) during the first week of lactation while Co did not change between d 1 and 7, but decreased (P<.05) by d 21 of lactation.
1 Supported by grants from the Fats and Proteins Research Foundation, Inc. and Natl. Pork Producers Assoc.
2 Present address: Dept. of Anim. Sci., 2103 McCarty Hall, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville 32611.
3 Dept. of Anim. and Dairy Sci.
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