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American Breeders Service, DeForest, WI 53532 , University of Minnesota2, St. Paul, MN 55108 and and Agriculture Canada Research Station3, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
Abstract
Spermatozoa frozen in .5-ml French straws at concentrations designed to give approximately 2, 4, 6 or 8 x 106 progressively motile spermatozoa per insemination unit after thawing in iced, ambient or 37 C water were evaluated for fertility and quality. The overall 90day nonreturn rate for spermatozoa thawed in 37 C water was higher (P<.05) than that for spermatozoa thawed in either ambient temperature water or iced water (69.6, 66.0 and 65.0%, respectively). Technicians showing a below-average nonreturn rate had a greater (P<.05) beneficial response with the 37 C thawing procedure than did technicians showing above-average nonreturn rate (14.1 vs 1.9%, respectively). All semen evaluations—(1) progressive motility, (2) presence of an intact acrosome (total and uninjured), (3) acrosin activity, (4) glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activity remaining in the spermatozoa and (5) capacity of spermatozoa to pass through a sephadex filter-indicated that spermatozoa thawed in 37 C water were superior (P<.05) to spermatozoa thawed in iced water. For the same characteristics, spermatozoa thawed in iced water were not different (P>.05) from those thawed in ambient temperature water. Incubation at 37 C magnified differences among thawing temperatures when spermatozoa were evaluated for progressive motility, presence of an intact acrosome (total and uninjured) and acrosin activity remaining in spermatozoa. The percentage of spermatozoa with a particular viability characteristic was not (P>.05) correlated with fertility for semen thawed at 37 C. However, the number of spermatozoa inseminated that had the viability characteristic was positively correlated (P<.05) with fertility. None of the correlation coefficients was high, probably because of large variations due to sample size. The relationship between seminal viability characteristics and fertility was best explained by an exponential model. There was an increase (P<.05) in nonreturn rate as the number of viable spermatozoa inseminated increased. However, the higher nonreturn rate at the 37 C thawing procedure could not be obtained with either the ambient or iced water merely by increasing the number of viable spermatozoa inseminated.
1 The authors wish to acknowledge R. N. Berge, L. L. Peterson, G. A. Van Dellen, E. V. Waterman and S. K. Ziesch for their excellent technical assistance and P. J. Press and M. J. Schwarz of the Research Division, W. R. Grace & Co., for assistance with the statistical analysis.
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