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Diet Quality and Performance of Cattle on Forest and Grassland Range¹

Oregon State University, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Union 97883

Abstract

Cattle performance and diet quality on forest and grassland range in the Blue Mountains of eastern Oregon were evaluated over a 3-year period. Esophageally fistulated cows were used for the evaluation of diet quality. Pregnant yearling heifers were used for the evaluation of livestock performance. Data indicated that forest and grasslands offer diverse environments in terms of forage quality and beef cattle production. Forest diets contained more crude protein in early and late summer. In vitro organic matter digestibility of cattle diets was lower on the grasslands than on the forest pasture in early and late summer but was superior on the grasslands in the fall, provided that summer precipitation and fall regrowth occurred. Cattle gains were similar for both types in late spring, but greater for forest cattle in early and late summer. Cattle on grasslands gained more in the fall if precipitation occurred in late summer. Crude protein and digestible energy intake analyses revealed that digestible energy was the first-limiting nutrient. Grasslands may be most efficiently utilized in the spring, while use of forests between mid-July and mid-September should be advantageous because of higher quality forage. In years with late summer precipitation, cattle gains might be improved by returning cattle to the grasslands in mid-September. This type of grazing strategy has the potential to improve beef production over that obtained from the grazing of each type separately throughout the grazing season.

¹ Oregon State Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech Paper 5380. This research was jointly funded by the Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State Univ. and the Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Exp. Sta., United States Forest Service, USDA, and was part of the PNWFRES Project 1701 entitled, "The Influence of Cattle Grazing Methods and Big Game on Riparian Vegetation, Aquatic Habitat and Fish Populations."

² Graduate research assistant and associate professor of range nutrition, respectively, Oregon State Univ., Eastern Oregon Agr. Res. Center, Union 97883. J. L. Holechek is currently an assistant professor of range science, Dept. of Anim. and Range Sci., New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces 88003.

³ Research biologist, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Exp. Sta., USDA, Forest Service, La Grande, OR 97850.

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