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Wheat versus Corn in Pelleted and Meal Swine Diets^{1 ,2 ,3,}

Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824

Abstract

Ninety-six pigs (average weight 10 kg) were randomly assigned within replicates to a triplicated 2 x 2 factorial arrangement designed to compare Michigan soft white winter wheat with corn in swine diets fed in pelleted and meal form. Diets were calculated to be nutritionally adequate and isolysinic during starter (4 weeks), grower (6 weeks) and finisher (6 weeks) phases. Neither type of grain nor form of diet significantly influenced pig performance during the starter phase. Pelleting of diets containing either grain significantly increased average daily gain (ADG) and lowered feed required per unit of gain (F/G) during the grower and finisher phases. Pigs consuming corn-based diets during the finisher phase gained more rapidly (P<.01) and efficiently (P<.01) than pigs consuming wheat-based diets. Over the entire 16-week period, pelleting increased (P<.01) ADG and reduced (P<.02) F/G, while type of grain in the diet had no significant effect on these parameters. Form of diet and type of grain accounted for about 60% of the variation in overall ADG and F/G. Carcass measurements were similar across treatments. Backfat of pigs receiving wheat diets had significantly higher percentages of myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic and linolenic acids and lower (P<.001) percentage of linoleic acid. Esophagogastric lesions tended to be more prevalent in pigs fed wheat diets. Nitrogen balance studies with finisher diets indicated that neither type of grain nor form of diet significantly influenced protein digestibility or utilization.

¹ Michigan Agr. Exp 9010.

² The authors express appreciation to Ms. A. Erickson, Ms. E. Fink and Ms. P. Whetter for laboratory assistance.

³ Gratitude is extended to Dr. P. P. Telle and Mr. P. Mullineaux of Farm Bureau Services, Inc., Lansing, MI, for services provided.

⁴ Dept.of Anim. Husb.

⁵ Present address: College of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts Univ., N. Grafton, MA.

⁶ Dept.of Agr. Econ.