J. Anim Sci.
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J. Anim Sci. 1980. 51:882-891.
© 1980 American Society of Animal Science
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Performance and Composition of Steers and Heifers of Two Biological Types Related to Net Energy for Production Efficiency1,2,

W. F. Marion3, M. E. Dikeman and A. D. Dayton

Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506

Abstract

Twenty-six Angus x Hereford reciprocal crossbred cattle (traditional British type) and 26 Simmental-sired cattle out of Maine-Anjou x Hereford, Maine-Anjou x Angus and Chianina x Angus dams (large biological type) were utilized in this research. Each cattle biological type included 13 steers and 13 heifers. Three head of each sex x biological type combination (e.g., steers, large type) were randomly assigned to one of four endpoints. Endpoints 1 through 4 represented net energy for production (NEp) efficiencies of 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 and 7.0 Meal NEp/kg gain measured the last 70 or 77 days of the feeding period. Least-squares means for NEp efficiency endpoints 1 through 4 were 4.1, 5.0, 6.0 and 7.3, respectively. As the ratio of available NEp to gain increased, carcass ether extract increased (P<.01), protein and water both decreased (P<.01), yield grade (YG) number increased (P<.01), F/G increased (P<.01) and average daily gains (ADG) decreased (P<.01). Quality grade did not show a consistent trend due to endpoint (P = .06). Large type cattle had higher (P<.05) ADG, higher (P<.01) percentages of both protein and water and lower (P<.01) YG numbers than British type cattle. No difference (P>.05) in quality grade was evident between British and large type cattle. Steers of both types produced carcasses with less (P<.05) ether extract and more (P<.01) water than heifer carcasses, despite having similar YG (P>.05). Heifers showed an advantage in F/G (P<.05), while ADG and quality grade did not differ (P>.05) between sexes. No differences (P>.05) in palatability of semitendinosus steaks were observed between endpoints, sexes or types.

Footnotes

1 Contribution no. 80-15-J, Dept. of Anim. Sci. and Ind. and Dept. of Statist., Kansas Agr. Exp. Sta., Manhattan 66S06.

2 The authors are grateful to the USD A SEA AR, Roman L. Hruska US Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, for providing the cattle used in this research.

3 Present address: Oscar Mayer & Co., Perry IA 50220.






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