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Effect of Dietary Protein, Calcium and Phosphorus for Swine from 7 to 20 Kilograms Body Weight^1,2,3,

The Ohio Agriculture Research and Development Center, Wooster, 44691, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210

Abstract

A 2 x 5 factorial randomized block design experiment was conducted with 818 weanling 4- to 5-week-old pigs in nine replicates. Treatments consisted of two protein (18 or 20%) and five calcium/phosphorus (Ca/P) levels with pig performance and bone mineralization evaluated from 7- to 20-kg body weight. Corn-soybean meal diets were fed with the proportion of these two components varied to achieve the desired protein level. Total dietary P levels were increased from .50 to .90% at .1% increments with Ca added at a level to achieve a ratio of 1.3:1 Ca/P, respectively. Dicalcium phosphate and limestone were the inorganic sources of Ca and P. Daily gains, feed intake and feed conversion were significantly improved when the 20% protein diet was fed. Break-point analyses of the data demonstrated that gains increased as mineral level was raised with a plateau at the .80/.60% Ca/P, respectively, while blood samples collected at 21 days showed increased serum P concentrations at .86/.66% levels. Two pigs sacrificed per pen in each of the last seven replicates demonstrated that femur- and rib-bone mineralization increased with Ca/P levels and plateaued at the .90/.70% level. The combined results suggest that maximum performance, serum P and bone ash were attained when a 20% protein corn-soybean meal diet was fed with a total dietary concentration of .90/.70% Ca/P, respectively. Using P availability values for the ingredients fed, it was calculated that the weanling pig's available P requirement is .35%.

¹ Approved for publication as Journal Article 20–79 of The Ohio Agr. Res. and Develop. Center, Wooster.

² This research was partially supported by Landmark, Inc., Columbus, OH.

³ Appreciation is expressed to J. Reed and F. Vance for their help with the collection of performance data and to V. Rosza for technical assistance with laboratory analyses.

⁴ Dept. of Animal Science, The Ohio Agr. Res. and Develop. Center, Wooster.

⁵ Present address: Cargill Research Farm, Elk River, MN 55330.

⁶ Present address: Laboratory of Large Animal Pathology, Univ. of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, PA 19348.