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Sardine Condensed Fish Solubles and Rye Pasture for Sows during Gestation and Lactation¹

University of Illinois^,4

Abstract

A basal ration composed of ground yellow corn, expeller soybean meal, five percent dehydrated alfalfa meal, fortified cod-liver oil, and minerals, and which contained 17 percent crude protein was nutritionally inadequate for gestation and lactation under drylot conditions. Only 26 per cent of the pigs, averaging 17.1 pounds, were weaned by sows fed this ration. Deficiency symptoms are described.

The addition of either three or six percent of sardine condensed fish solubles (fresh basis) effectively corrected the deficiency (or deficiencies) of the basal ration for gestation and lactation in drylot. Survivals of pigs so fed to weaning time were 92 and 71 percent with average weights of 31.1 and 33.7 pounds, respectively. The pigs in both groups were very growthy and thrifty. The fish solubles was apparently providing supplementary nutrients, probably vitamin-like, which were necessary for satisfactory growth, gestation and lactation.

Fall-seeded rye pasture also proved to be an excellent source of the supplementary nutrients required to correct the inadequacies of the basal ration. Gilts receiving rye pasture weaned 74 percent of their pigs with a weaning weight of 31.9 pounds each.

The importance of adequate nutrition during gestation as a factor in promoting successful lactation and the value of rye pasture as a vitamin supplement is clearly demonstrated. The residual effect o rye pasture as a supplement to the inadequate basal ration fed during gestation, is shown by a survival of 90 percent and an average weight of 27.4 pounds for pigs from dams so fed compared with a survival of only 26 percent and an average weight of only 17.1 pounds for pigs from dams fed only the basal ration during gestation as well as during lactation. It is suggested that the residual effect manifested was probably due to a storage of a vitamin-like factor (or factors) in the tissues of the sows while on rye pasture. These reserves were then used during lactation, thus enabling the pigs to survive and perform more satisfactorily.

¹ This investigation was supported by the donation of funds and products to the University of Illinois by Central Soya Company, Inc. The high-quality alfalfa meal was kindly supplied by Ralston Purina Company, St. Louis, Missouri.

² Present Address, American Dry Milk Institute, Inc., Chicago, Illinois.

³ Acknowledgement is gratefully made for the assistance of R, H. McDade, Chief Swine Herdsman, and his associates.

⁴ Animal Husbandry Department, Urbana, Illinois.