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In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluations of Soybean Residues Ensiled with Various Additives

University of Illinois, Urbana 61801

³ To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Abstract

Experiments were initiated to determine the efficacy of feeding chemically treated, ensiled soybean residues (SBR) to ruminants. SBR at 50, 60 and 70% moisture were treated with ammonium hydroxide (AH), propionic acid (P), sodium chlorite (SC) and wood molasses (WM) at the time of ensiling. All additives were added at the 2% level on a wet basis and ensiled in Mason jars for 30 days. In vitro cellulose digestibility (IVCD) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) were measured. IVCD and IVOMD were highest for samples ensiled at 60% moisture and lowest for samples ensiled at 70% moisture. AH improved IVCD of SBR ensiled at 50% moisture and IVOMD of SBR ensiled at 60% moisture. SC improved IVOMD of both 60 and 70% moisture residues and improved IVCD of the 70% moisture residue. WM and P had little effect on either parameter. For the in vivo evaluation, SBR (60% moisture) was ensiled in 220-liter plastic-lined drums. At the time of ensiling, SC or AH were added at the 5.1% level (dry matter basis). Thirty days after ensiling, a balance study was conducted using crossbred male lambs averaging 25 kg in weight. Ground, high quality fescue hay was added as 50% of the diet (dry matter basis) at time of feeding. No improvement in dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, or acid detergent fiber digestibilities were observed with additions of SC or AH. Lignin digestibility was improved by both additives. SC increased hemicellulose digestibility (HD) but depressed cellulose digestibility (CD). AH increased HD but had no effect on CD. Animals fed either AH or SC-treated ensiled SBR consumed equivalent quantities of feed but retained significantly less nitrogen than controls.

¹ Present address: Dept. of Animal Science, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108.

² Dept. of Animal Science.

⁴ Present address: Rt. 1, Sarona, WI 54870.