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Tissue Retention of Se in Growing Pigs Fed Fly Ash or White Sweet Clover Grown on Fly Ash

Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853

Abstract

Two experiments were completed with a total of 54 5- to 7-week-old weanling Yorkshire pigs to determine (Experiment 1) the tissue retention of dietary selenium (Se) present in white sweet clover (Melilotus alba) relative to that provided as sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃) and (Experiment 2) the tissue retention and liver distribution of Se present in fly ash incorporated into the diet.

In Experiment 1, groups of four pigs each were randomly allotted to corn-soybean meal-type diets containing 5 or 10% white sweet clover grown either in low Se soil (.03 ppm Se in clover) or on fly ash (70 ppm Se in clover). Na₂SeO₃ was added to the low Se clover diets to provide 0, 3.5 or 7.0 ppm of Se. Se concentrations of kidney, liver and skeletal muscle after 61 days were increased more by fly-ash grown sweet clover than by Na₂SeO₃, but blood Se was increased more by Na₂SeO₃. No histopathological lesions were found in liver, kidney, heart, pancreas or skeletal muscle. Diets had no effect on weight gain or feed to gain ratio.

In Experiment 2, 30 pigs were fed from weaning to 92 kg slaughter weight on a corn soybean meal-type diet containing 0, 1, 2, 4 or 8% fly ash (5.7 ppm Se). Fly ash had no effect on weight gain and no histopathological lesions were found in heart, liver, kidney, pancreas or skeletal muscle. Tissue Se concentrations increased progressively with graded levels of fly ash in the diet. Distribution of Se in eight different sites in the liver was uniform. It is concluded that Se supplied in the diet as a component of fly ash or of white sweet clover grown on fly ash (probably as a constituent of seleno-amino acids) is absorbed and utilized for tissue deposition by the pig. The toxicological potency of clover-borne Se and its ability to alleviate vitamin E - Se deficiency signs relative to that of Na₂SeO₃ remain unknown.

¹ Department of Animal Science.

² Present address: USDA, Roman L. Hruska US Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933.

³ Present address: USDA, Roman L. Hruska US Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933.

⁴ New York State College of Veterinary Medicine.

⁵ New York State College of Veterinary Medicine.