J. Anim Sci.
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J. Anim Sci. 1979. 49:498-506.
© 1979 American Society of Animal Science
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Leucine Requirement of the Lactating Sow1

D. L. Rousselow, V. C Speer and D. G. Haught2

Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames 5001,3

Abstract

Two trials were conducted to estimate the leucine requirement of sows during a 21-day lactation. In trial 1, hominy feed, geletin, corn sugar, vitamins, minerals and indispensable amino acids were used to formulate a diet containing adequate levels of all essential nutrients except leucine. L-leucine was added to this mixture to produce five diets containing: .44 (basal), .64, .84, 1.04 and 1.24% leucine. In the second trial, dried beet pulp with molasses replaced the hominy feed. Addition of L-leucine provided dietary levels of .26 (basal), .36, .46, .66 and 1.06% leucine. Twenty-five Landrace x Yorkshire sows were randomly assigned to the five dietary treatments in each trial.

Pig weight gain was not influenced by dietary leucine in either trial. Milk production responded irregularly (P<.01) in the first trial, but increased quadratically (P<.01) and was maximized at .66% leucine in the second. In trial 1, total solids and protein percentage increased quadratically (P<.05), but both failed to respond in trial 2. When expressed as grams per day, neither total solids nor protein was affected by treatment.

Plasma urea nitrogen decreased (P<.01) with increasing levels of leucine with an inflection point at .46% leucine in trial 2, but it was not changed in trial 1. The plasma leucine concentration increased sharply from .44 to .64% leucine and then continued to increase at a moderate rate in trial 1. In the second trial, plasma leucine increased gradually to .46% leucine, then increased sharply to .66% leucine (P<.01). In both trials, the free plasma iso-leucine and valine decreased quadratically (P<.01) with increasing levels of leucine.

The metabolic data suggest that a mature sow consuming 5.5 kg of feed daily requires a minimum of .46% dietary leucine during the first 21 days of lactation.

Footnotes

1 Journal Paper No. J-9324 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames. Project No. 2024.

2 Present address: Yoder Inc., Kalona, IA 52247.

3 Department of Animal Science.






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Copyright © 1979 by the American Society of Animal Science.