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Effect of Roasting Sorghum and Soybeans on Gains and Digestibility

The University of Georgia College of Agriculture, Experiment Stations, Georgia Station ,^,2, Experiment 30212

Abstract

Forty Hereford x Angus crossbred calves averaging 278 kg were blocked by weight and sex and randomly assigned to the following treatments: (1) raw sorghum, raw soybeans; (2) raw sorghum, roasted soybeans; (3) roasted sorghum, raw soybeans; (4) roasted sorghum, roasted soybeans, and (5) Temper-treated sorghum with roasted soybeans. Roasting was done with a Roast-a-Tron at 138 C exit temperature, and the two concentrates were mixed to give a 13% crude protein diet fortified with minerals, and blended with 45% corn silage on a dry matter basis. The diets were full fed to the calves for 84 days. All feed was weighed daily and the animals were weighed each 2 weeks. Digestibility was measured using four sheep per diet fed at maintenance, and net energy values for maintenance and gain were calculated from the digestion data. In addition, rumen fermentation was studied by feeding four fistulated steers per diet and sampling six times after feeding the last 2 days of the 14-day period. Results of the rumen fermentation data in molar percents were: 59.4, 59.6, 61.1, 61.2 and 57.5 for acetate; 20.5, 14.0, 18.6, 18.4 and 14.3 for propionate; and 11.4, 10.9, 12.4, 12.6 and 12.5 for butyrate for diets 1 through 5, respectively. Dry matter digestibility was 66.9, 71.4, 71.5, 67.4 and 67.9%, while net energy values for maintenance and gain were 1.58, 1.00; 1.66, 1.08; 1.72, 1.13; 1.59, 1.02 Mcal/kg for the same diets. Mean daily gain for diets 1 through 5 were 1.13, 1.13, 1.18, 1.15 and 1.13 kg, respectively, while feed conversion was about 6.50 kg DM/kg gain for all diets. while rumen fermentation was different by treatment, it apparently was not enough to affect animal performance since digestibility, energy values, gain and feed conversion were not significantly different among treatments.

¹ The authors acknowledge the assistance of Professor J. C. Elrod, Agricultural Economics Department, for statistical assistance, Mrs. Betty Robicheaux and Mrs. Mary Shepard for technical assistance.

² Department of Animal Science.