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Use of Cereal Residues in Beef Cattle Production Systems^{1 ,2,}

Washington State University, Pullman 99164

Abstract

Historically, United States cereal residues have been neglected as feedstuffs. Population growth has brought about more competition between man and animals for available food, and competitive feeds have increased in price. Consequently, interest in feeding these materials has increased. Approximately 71.2 million metric tons of cereal residues are available for feed use in the United States (Walker et al, 1976). Nutrient analyses are limited but indicate that these residues are low in protein and phosphorus, marginal in calcium and high in fiber and lignin. Consequently, digestibility is poor, passage rate slow and voluntary intake low. Processing and/or supplementation increases passage rate and voluntary intake, but the former reduces digestibility. Responses to urea and/or readily available carbohydrate supplements have been variable. Feedlot cattle cannot consume enough pelleted feed containing high levels of straw to support high performance, but these residues can form a major part of a maintenance ration for wintering mature, dry, pregnant beef cows.

¹ Scientific Paper No. 4739. College of Agriculture Research Center, Washington State University. Work conducted under Project 0242.

² Presented at the 68th Annual Meeting of the A.S.A.S., at Texas A&M University, College Station, August 1976, as part of a symposium enrided "Crop Residues in Beef Cattle Production Systems."

³ Department of Animal Sciences.

⁴ The author wishes to thank Kennedi J. Killingsworth, Gordon Cook, Dr. Dennis E. West, Lawrence L. Brown, W. Douglas Warnock and others for their assistance in gathering information for this paper.