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Physiological Parameters and Muscle Characteristics of Purebred Pietrain and Two Specific Pietrain Crosses^{1 ,2,}

University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108 , Marsfield Medical Foundation, Marsfield, WI, 54449 , ; Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36360 and ; U. S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory, Fort Rucker, AL 36360

Abstract

Parameters of muscle quality, carcass leanness and muscularity and relevant physiological measurements were studied on 18 Pietrain (P), 11 Hx(PxM) and 12 Px(PxM) gilts (H = Hampshire and M = Minn. No. 1). Pigs were sacrificed at 100 ± 4 kg live weight after being heat-stressed (10 min, 43 C) and ear-sampled for plasma creatine kinase (CK) determination. Serum and plasma were prepared from exsanguination blood and 23 parameters of clinical significant determined. Adrenal cortex and thyroid histology were studied.

Longissimus pH 45 min postmortem was lowest in P, intermediate in Px (Px M) and highest in Hx (Px M). Differences were small and not significant for 24-hr pH. Transmission value was higher in P than cross-breeds. Color and marbling were higher in Hx (Px M), although structure scores were not significantly different among breed groups. P exhibited thelargest longissimus muscles; however, both cross-breeds displayed meritorious carcasses, differing from P only by 3 to 4 cm² for longissimus area. Hx(PxM) displayed longer carcasses than P with Px (Px M) intermediate. Hx (Px M) and P did not significantly differ in backfat thickness; Px(PxM) exceeded P. Percentage ham plus loin was significantly greater in P than cross-breeds.

No death losses caused by acute stress syndrome were noted; however, P and Px(PxM) exhibited higher means for plasma CK (Rosalki) than Hx (Px M). Log CK and log CK/kg ham + loin were highest for P, intermediate for Px(PxM) and lowest for Hx(PxM). In contrast, no significant breed differences were noted in serum prepared from blood collected at exsanguination, stored frozen and analyed for CK by measurement of creatine by diacetyl/orcinol. Breed differences were not significant for serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase. Creatinine and total protein were highest in P. Albumin was higher in Px (Px M) than in P. Cholesterol was higher in Hx (Px M) than other breeds. P^3– was lower in P than in cross-breeds. Hematocrit was higher in Px (Px M) than P but not Hx (Px M). No significant breed-group differences were noted for serum glucose, urea nitrogen, triglycerides, Na⁺, K⁺,
, CO^2–₃, Ca²⁺ and Fe²⁺; for adrenalweight and cortex width; for widths of zonae glomerulosa, fasciculata and reticularis; for thyroid weight, follicle thickness, ovary weights and follicle number; and for blood corticoster-one, Cortisol and progesterone. Thyroid follicle size was lowest in P.

¹ Presented at the 35th Annual Meeting of the Institute of Food Technologists in Chicago, IL, June 9 to 12, 1975.

² Scientific Journal Series Paper No. 9708, Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station.

³ Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, 55108. (Address reprint requests to P.B. Addis.)

⁴ Marshfield Medical Foundation, Marshfield, WI54449.

⁵ Department of Animal Science, Auburn University, Auburn, Al 36830.

⁶ U. S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory, Fort Rucker, AL. Current address: Department of Animal Science, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.