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Effects of Dietary Protein, Calcium and Phosphorus Levels for Growing and Finishing Swine^{1 ,2 ,3,}

The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210 and and Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster 44691

Abstract

A factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design was conducted with 192 pigs to evaluate the effects of two levels of dietary calciurmphosphorus (.90/.70 or .65/.50%, respectively) in an 18% protein diet for growing swine (19 to 52 kg). Animals were then continued to market weight being fed one of two levels of calcium:phosphorus (.65/.50 or .50/.40%, respectively) each at two protein levels (13 or 16%). Diets were composed of corn and soybean meal with dicalcium phosphate and limestone supplying the inorganic source of calcium and phosphorus. Measurements during each production phase evaluated the treatment responses to animal performance, serum calcium and phosphorus (at 3-week intervals), and bone ash.

During the growing period both gain and feed intakes increased (P<.01) when the higher calciumrphosphorus level was fed. There was a significant increase in the bone ash content of the sixth rib, femur, metacarpal, and proximal phalanx at the higher mineral level. Serum phosphorus values showed a slight tendency, although nonsignificantly, to increase with the higher mineral level.

During the finishing period there were no residual effects from the previous growing treatments on gains or feed intake responses. Finisher protein or mineral levels had no effect on performance criteria. There was a dietary protein times mineral level interaction for feed conversion with the higher dietary mineral level fed during the finishing period resulting in improved feed conversion when fed with the 16% diet. Lower blood phosphorus values were obtained from those animals receiving the higher protein level during finishing.

Although there was an increased bone ash content from those pigs fed the higher mineral diet at 52 kg, differences were not apparent at 92 kg from any of the treatment variables. This suggested that compensatory bone mineralization occurred during the latter production phase. Performance for the combined growing-finishing period was not affected by any of the dietary treatments imposed on these animals.

¹ Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center Journal Article Series No. 70-76.

² Reprint requests should be submitted to D. C. Mahan.

³ Appreciation is expressed to Mary K. Reinhard, Foster Vance, R. C. Rodabaugh, Dr. V. R. Cahill and the OSU Meat laboratory for their technical assistance and aid in the collection of data, and to C. R. Weaver for his help with statistical analysis.

⁴ Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus.

⁵ Department of Animal Science, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster.

⁶ Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus.