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Site and Extent of Starch Digestion in Steers Fed Processed Corn Rations^{1 ,2,}

Oklahoma State University^,4, Stillwater 74074

Abstract

A 4 x 4 latin square design was employed to study the site and extent of starch digestion in steers fed processed corn grain. Steers fitted with permanent rumen and abomasal cannulae were fed a 78% corn ration (DM basis). Corn was processed by 1) dry rolling (DR), 2) steam flaking (SF), 3) high moisture harvesting-ground prior to ensiling (GHM) and 4) high moisture harvesting-whole corn treated with propionic acid prior to storage (AHM). Digestion of dry matter, organic matter and starch, ruminally and post ruminally, was determined by the lignin ratio technique.

Ruminal starch digestibilities were 89.3, 82.9, 77.8 and 62.8% for GHM, SF, DR and AHM, respectively, with DR being lower (P<05) than GHM and AHM lower (P<.05) than all other treatments. No significant differences were observed in intestinal starch digestibility. Total tract starch digestibilities were higher (P<.05) for GHM (99.1%) and SF (99.1%) than for AHM (95.8%) and DR (96.3%), reflecting higher ruminai starch digestion. Ruminal, intestinal and total dry matter and organic matter digestibilities followed patterns similar to starch. Rumen pH was lower (P<05) 2 and 4 hr post feeding for GHM than for other rations. Total VFA concentration 4 hr postfeeding was greatest on GHM followed by SF, DR and AHM corn rations, all ration values being different (P<.05). Gelatinization was greatest for SF corn than other grains as was in vitro gas production (P<.05) upon incubation with yeast and amyloglucosidase, indicating greater disruption of starch granules. In vitro ruminal dry matter disappearance was greatest (P<.05) after 3, 6, 9 and 12 hr for GHM corn due possibly to increased protein solubilization and higher soluble nonprotein nitrogen levels in the in vitro culture.

¹ Journal Article 3126 of the Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.

² The Assistance of Dr. Rodger Johnson in Statistical Analysis is Greatly Appreciated.

³ Present address: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville.

⁴ Department of Animal Sciences and Industry.

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