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Effect of Dietary Calcium and Phosphorus on the Incidence of Atrophic Rhinitis in Pigs¹

Pig Research Institue of Taiwan, Republic of China

Abstract

Two experiments were designed to investigate the relationship of dietary calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) and intranasal instillations of washings from snouts of pigs showing clinical atrophic rhinitis (AR) on the incidence of AR in pigs. In experiment 1,21 Landrace x Duroc SPF piglets were studied using a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments consisting of high calcium and phosphorus (Ca, 1.1%; P, 1.0%), optimum calcium and phosphorus (Ca, .72%; P, .60%) and low calcium, high phosphorus (Ca, .32%; P, .98%) dietary intakes with or without nasal instillations of washings from snouts of pigs showing clinical atrophic rhinitis. In experiment 2, 22 SPF piglets were assigned randomly to four diet groups consisting of the following levels of Ca and P: .77–.63, 1.10–1.00, .29–.45 and .44–.97, all treatments being without instillation of infectious material. Turbinate atrophy with varying degrees of inflammatory response was observed in all 12 exposed pigs when examined 96 days after inoculation. Nasal turbinates of the 31 pigs instilled with washings from snouts of colostrum deprived SPF pigs were normal. Dietary calcium and phosphorus varying from high Ca, P to optimal and low Ca-high P had no detectable effect on incidence of AR observed. It was concluded that gross atrophy of the turbinates was not induced experimentally in nonexposed pigs by under-feeding Ca and/or overfeeding P, and atrophy of the nasal turbinates could readily be produced experimentally by nasal instillation of nasal washings from pigs naturally affected with AR. The dietary factor Ca and P, had no direct influence on the incidence or severity of the turbinate atrophy.

¹ This investigation was supported by a grant from the Pig Research Institute in Taiwan and the National Council on Science Development of the Republic of China.

² Present Address: Department of Pathology, Pig Research Institute, Chu-nan, Miao-li, Taiwan, ROC.

³ Department of Veterinary Science, Missouri University, Columbia.

⁴ The author thanks Miss Lillian L. Liu for her help with statistical analysis.