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University of California,2, Davis 95616
Abstract
A comparative slaughter feeding trial was conducted with beef steers (initial weight 300 kg) to determine the energy utilization of diets containing protected lipid (polyunsaturated vegetable oils, PO or tallow, PT) encapsulated with a formalin-protein complex. The supplements replaced a portion (15 or 30% for PO and 15 or 25% for PT) of a high energy barley-based feedlot diet. Beef steers (10 per treatment) with initial weights of about 300 kg were fed individually for 115 days. Daily empty body weight gains (kg), ME intakes (Meal) and F/G ratios were: basal, 1.36, 24.4 and 6.7; 15% PO, 1.29, 24.6, 6.7; 30% PO 1.38, 25.0, 6.3; 15% PT, 1.51, 26.2, 5.9; 25% PT, 1.35, 23.2, 5.8. Supplement-fed steers were significantly fatter (basal, 26.5% carcass fat; supplemented steers 30 to 32% carcass fat) and graded 1/3 grade higher than control steers. Significant (P<.05) differences were found in the composition of the weight gain as follows: basal, 46% fat; 15% PO and PT, 54% fat; 30% PO and 25% PT, 61% fat. The efficiency of ME utilization for energy deposition was: basal, 44%; 15% PO, 47%; 15% PT, 48%; 30% PO, 53%; 25% PT, 59%.
Linoleic acid contents (percent of total fatty acids) of tailhead fat biopsy samples at days 52, 99 and 115 were: 15% PO, 8.0, 9.0, 9.9; 30% PO, 10.3, 10.4, 12.1; control, 2.0 (all time periods), respectively. The tailhead fat from the PT fed steers averaged 2.6 and 2.7 linoleic acid at the end of the trial. The major changes in fatty acid composition of lipid extracted from muscle and fatty tissues were larger concentrations of linoleic and decreased concentrations of palmitic, palmitoleic and oleic from the 15% PO and 30% PO fed steers.
Plasma cholesterol levels (mg/100 ml) were increased in steers receiving the lipid supplements: control, 112; 15% PO, 345, 30% PO, 466; 15% PT, 310; 30% PT, 370. Cholesterol content of the meat and fat were not influenced by diet.
1 Department of Food Science and Technology.
2 Department of Animal Science.
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