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Toxicity of Various Organic Sulfur Compounds for Chicks Fed Crystalline Amino Acid Diets Containing Threonine and Glycine at Their Minimal Dietary Requirements for Maximal Growth

University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801³

Abstract

Five growth assays were conducted with young chicks to study relative toxicities of various organic sulfur compounds. Evaluation of the dietary requirements for glycine and threonine indicated that .52% threonine and .51% glycine were the minimum requirements for maximal gain. To provide a margin of safety .55% threonine and .60% glycine were chosen as levels to use in subsequent assays. A level of 1.25% excess DL-methionine resulted in close to a 40% reduction in growth rate and was chosen as the level to use in later assays. Consumption of excess methionine, calcium methionine hydroxy analogue (OH-M(Ca)) or ethionine resulted in reduced rate and efficiency of gain as well as a lowered concentration of hepatic ATP. DL-homocysteine was equally as toxic as an equimolar level of DL-methionine, but D-methionine was less growth depressing than either L- or DL-methionine. Chicks consuming diets with excess methionine exhibited much greater growth depressions than those fed diets with an equimolar concentration of either OH-M (Ca) or cystine. Homocysteine accumulation in plasma and tissues is thought to be one of several possible factors responsible for lesions associated with methionine toxicity.

¹ Present address: The Quaker Oats Co., 617 W. Main St., Barrington, IL. 60010.

² Part of a thesis submitted to the Graduate College of the University of Illinois in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree.

³ Department of Animal Science.

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