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Potential Mechanisms Responsible for Prenatal and Perinatal Mortality or Low Viability of Swine¹

Shell Development Company², Modesto, California 95352

Abstract

Neonatal piglet mortality and morbidity still plague the swine industry. Much remains to be learned about maternal influences on fetal development and neonatal performance in this species. Although survival and the rate of growth are the ultimate indices of piglet viability, faster, more precise measures of the vigor of newborn pigs are needed to identify the contributions of maternal factors on neonatal viability. Many "weak", newborn pigs may have been exposed to anoxia during parturition. The piglet is considered to be a relatively mature neonate at birth and seems to be more sensitive to anoxia than the neonates of other species (puppies, kittens, bunnies) which are quite immature. The psychological temperament of the sow and her reactions to the stresses of intense swine production may influence intrauterine fetal development by changing fetal hormonal balance and/or interfering with maternal-fetal vascular nutrient and gaseous exchange. Research on the physiological consequences of psychosocial stress in the pregnant1 sow is sorely needed.

¹ Presented at Symposium on Prenatal and Perinatal Development of Swine sponsored by the American Society of Animal Science and Shell Development Company, July 29, 1973, University of Nebraska, Lincoln.

² Biological Sciences Research Center.

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