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The Energy Value for and Influence of Citrus Pulp in Finishing Diets for Swine¹

Georgia Station, Experiment 30212²

Abstract

A series of feeding trials were conducted with Yorkshire pigs to determine the effects of citrus pulp on growth rate, efficiency of gain, carcass characteristics and palatability of cooked roasts. Digestible and metabolizable energy values of citrus pulp were also determined.

Daily gains were significantly depressed with increasing levels of citrus pulp fed at 10, 20 and 40% of the diet although energy was held about constant by addition of prime tallow. Daily feed consumption also was depressed; however, this gave a limited feed effect and generally improved feed conversion. When estimated energy was held near constant, citrus pulp had corn replacement values of 97, 95 and 82% at the 10, 20 and 40% levels in the diet. When citrus pulp replaced corn in pelleted diets without added energy, the corn replacement value of citrus was about 95 and 78% at levels of 10 and 20% citrus pulp. Variable dietary levels of citrus pulp (2 to 45%) during the feeding period gave superior results to a constant level of 40%.

There were generally no significant carcass effects due to levels of citrus pulp. Dressing percent was depressed with higher levels of citrus pulp. Increasing citrus pulp in diets with subsequent lower feed intake tended to give leaner carcasses, on the average. Cooking tests of roasts indicated no significant effect due to level of citrus pulp up to 40% of the diet.

Citrus pulp dry matter digestibility averaged about 88%. Crude protein digestibility was significantly depressed with increasing levels of citrus pulp. Crude fiber and cellulose fractions of citrus pulp were highly digestible and apparent digestibility increased with increasing levels of citrus pulp.

The DE, ME and ME_n for citrus pulp were 3,357, 3,194 and 3,118 kcal/kg. This indicates that present ME values for citrus pulp in feed tables need to be adjusted upward.

¹ Supported in part by grants from ConAgra, Omaha, Nebraska 68131, and Suni Citrus Products Company, Haines City, Florida 33844.

² Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Economics and Food Science, respectively.