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The Role of Maternal Effects in Animal Breeding: VIII. Comparative Aspects of Maternal Effects¹

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Lincoln, Nebraska 68503

Abstract

THE purpose of this paper is to summarize and tie results together from the different points of view and species that were reviewed in the Special Session on the role of maternal effects in animal breeding. Reviews of research were presented on passive immunity in newborn animals (Stormont, 1972), mitochondria and inheritance (Wagner, 1972), bidmetrical aspects of maternal effects (Willham, 1972) and maternal effects in laboratory species (Legates, 1972), swine (Robison, 1972), cattle (Koch, 1972) and sheep (Bradford, 1972).

Passive Immunity and Mitochondria

Stormont (1972) discussed passive immunity in newborn animals resulting from the supply of gamma globulin molecules received by newborn animals from the maternal parent. It was emphasized that passive immunity is very important for early survival and, like other maternal effects, its influence diminishes as the young advance in age and produce their own antibodies. Transmission routes of different species were reviewed. Primates and guinea pigs receive antibodies via the placenta before birth. Cattle, swine and horses receive antibodies via colostrum after parturition. Rodents and carnivores receive some antibodies via the placenta but the bulk via colostrum. A number of pathogenic interrelationships were reviewed.

¹ Presented at a symposium on The Role of Maternal Effects in Aniaml Breeding sponsored by the American Society of Animal Science, August 3, 1971, University of California, Davis.

² U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, North Central Region, A.R.S., Lincoln, Nebraska 68503.

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