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Energy Value of a Cassava-Rice Bran Diet with and without Supplemental Zinc for Growing Pigs

Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850^,4

Abstract

AN experiment was completed with 24 young growing pigs to determine the feeding value of diets consisting of cassava flour and rice bran (CM-RB diet) as major sources of energy compared with a diet consisting of corn (C diet) as the major source of energy and to determine the effect of Zn supplementation of the CM-RB diet on parakeratosis and energy digestibility. Weight gain, efficiency of feed utilization and digestion coefficients were used to evaluate the two diets.

Pigs fed the C diet gained more weight and had a higher efficiency of feed utilization than the pigs fed the CM-RB diet. Pigs fed the CM-RB diet developed zinc deficiency symptoms including parakeratosis and depressed serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) levels despite the simliar Zn content of the two diets (40 and 48 ppm for the CM-RB and C diets, respectively).

Zn supplementation (52 ppm of Zn as ZnCo₃) of the diet of one-half of the pigs fed the CM-RB diet beginning at day 33 increased weight gain and serum alkaline phosphatase within 7 days as compared with values for pigs continued on the same diet unsupplemented with Zn. Apparently a factor (or factors) present in the CM-RB diet decreased the biological availability of the zinc present.

A digestibility trial was completed with four pigs fed each diet (C, CM-RB and CM-RB +Zn) beginning on day 40 of the experiment (7 days after Zn supplementation began). Apparent digestibilities of dry matter (DM) and gross energy (GE) of the CM-RB diet were significantly (P<.05) lower than those of the C diet when the CM-RB diet was unsupplemented with Zn, but not significantly different when it was supplemented with 100 ppm ZnCO₃ (digestibility coefficients for DM were 79.4, 67.0 and 73.6% and those for GE were 78.7, 68.0 and 74.8% for the C, CM-RB and CM-RB+Zn diets, respectively). Apparent digestion coefficients for protein followed the same trend as those of dry matter and gross energy, but the differences were not statistically significant (75.2, 58.7 and 66.8% for protein from the C, CM-RB and CM-RB+Zn diets, respectively).

¹ Department of Animal Science.

² Present address: Development Council, Dervan Geredjo di Indonesia, Djl. Salemba Raya 10, Djakarta IV/3, Indonesia.

³ Department of Poultry Science.

⁴ We gratefully acknowledge Arkansas Rice Growers Cooperative Association, Stuttgard, Arkansas, for supplying the rice bran and P. J. Van Soest, D. Kirtland, E. F. Walker, Jr., M. Siegel, F. Sanches, T. Krantz and Ruth Whetzel for technical assistance.