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Effect of Breed Type and Feeding Regime on Fatty Acid Composition of Certain Bovine Tissues¹

University of Hawaii, Honolulu 96822

Abstract

DATA collected from 109 straightbred and crossbred steers during 4 years were used to determine the effect of breed type and feeding regime on fatty acid composition of longissimus muscle and the inner and outer layers of subcutaneous fat.

In general it was found that treatment had a significant effect on the fatty acid composition of the three sample sites but breed type did not. Treatment effects on the fatty acid composition of the longissimus muscle were analyzed in the 1964 and in the 1968 steers. In both years the level of myristic acid was higher in the feedlot steers and that of stearic acid was higher in the pasture steers. Palmitoleic and oleic acids were not affected by treatment in either year. Palmitic acid content was significantly higher in the 1964 feedlot steers, but the smaller difference in 1968 was not significant.

Effect of treatment on the fatty acid composition of inner subcutaneous fat was analyzed in the 1967 and in the 1968 steers. Myristic acid was significantly higher in the 1968 feedlot steers. A similar, but slightly smaller, difference was found with the 1967 data but was not significant at the .05 level. Treatment effects on palmitic acid were not significant in either year. Fat from feedlot steers was significantly higher in palmitoleic and oleic acids and lower in stearic acid in both years.

Treatment effects on the fatty acid composition of the outer subcutaneous depot fat were analyzed in the 1964, 1967 and 1968 steers. Unlike that of the longissimus muscle and inner fat, myristic acid level of the outer fat was higher in the 1968 pasture steers. Treatment differences in the level of this fatty acid were not significant in the 1964 and 1967 data. There was no agreement among years as to the effect of treatment on palmitic acid level. In 1967, treatment differences in level of this acid were not significant. However, palmitic acid level from feedlot steers was significantly higher in 1964 and significantly less in 1968. There was no significant effect on palmitoleic acid level. Stearic acid level was significantly higher in the pasture steers and oleic acid content was significantly higher in the feedlot steers.

¹ Journal Series No. 1435 of the Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station.

² Present address: Cooperative State Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.

³ Formerly Assistant Animal Scientist at the Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station; presently retired.

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