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Relationship of Sugar-Induced Lesions in the Heart of the Pig to Live Weight,Serum Cholesterol and Diet¹

University of Hawaii, Honolulu

Abstract

Four trials involving 112 pigs were conducted to determine the extent to which feeding diets high in sucrose to pigs would result in atrial lesions and to determine the nature of these lesions. The trials were also designed to study the effect of adding 0.15% DL methionine, 3% soybean oil, 10% coconut oil, 10% beef tallow, two levels (1% and 4%) of cholesterol, 5% fish meal or 4.4 mg/kg of thiamine to sugar-soybean meal diets on the lesions and to investigate the effect of live weight change on lesion development in the atrium of pigs.

All of the 24 pigs fed the high sucrose diets in trial 1, 11 of 12 pigs fed these diets without fat in trial 2, 24 of 32 pigs in trial 3 and 9 of 12 pigs fed the same diets and slaughtered after 75 kg in trial 4 had granulomatous endocarditis in the left atrium. None of the pigs fed corn-soybean meal or starch-soybean meal basal diets or sugar-soybean meal diets with either 10% coconut oil or 10% beef tallow developed lesions. The addition of 3% soybean oil, 0.15% DL methionine, 1% cholesterol, or 5% fish meal had no significant effect on the occurrence or severity of lesions nor was there any clear association with sex. Although the serum cholesterol levels were higher among pigs fed the high sucrose diets than those fed corn-soybean meal or starch-soybean meal, there was little or no relationship between these levels and heart lesions. Adding 10% fat to the diet increased cholesterol but prevented lesions. A significant interaction between the effect of methionine and thiamine on serum cholesterol was found. When the diet was supplemented with both, a lower serum cholesterol occurred, while either added alone tended to increase serum cholesterol. In a study designed to study the effect of weight and age on lesion development, no lesions occurred among pigs slaughtered at 25 or 50 kilograms. The effects of weight (75, 100 and 150 kg) and age after these weights were not conclusive.

¹ Journal Series No. 1342 of the Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station.