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Soy Flour as a Protein Source for Early-Weaned Pigs¹

North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27607

Abstract

Early-weaned pigs were fed liquid diets containing fully-cooked soy flour as the only source of protein. Other ingredients were fat, lactose, methionine, minerals, vitamins and an antibiotic. The results indicate that the nutritive value of soy flour for early-weaned pigs was markedly improved by exposing the flour to an alkaline environment, pH 10.6, prior to its inclusion in the diet. Pigs fed alkali-treated soy flour grew significantly faster and more efficiently than pigs receiving the untreated soy flour. A 30-min. alkali treatment was as effective as a 5-hr, treatment. The nutritional value of finely-ground soybean meal was also improved by treatment with alkali. These studies failed to reveal the nature of the alteration induced in soy flour by the alkali treatment or the manner in which this change enhances the utilization of nutrients by the pig. Reducing the buffering capacity of the soy flour with acid did not improve growth performance. Similarly, supplementation with methionine, threonine and lysine, either singly or in combination, failed to improve pig gains. Analysis of alkali-treated and untreated soy flours failed to reveal any marked change in amino acid content.

¹ Paper No. 3294 of the Journal Series of the North Carolina State University Agricultural Experiment Station, Raleigh. Supported in part by grants from The North Carolina Pork Producers Association and by the Moorman Manufacturing Company, Quincy, Ill. The following dietary ingredients were donated: Chlortetracycline, American Cyanamid Company, Princeton, N. J.; Vitamin Premix, Charles Pfizer and Co., Terra Haute, Ind.; Lactose, Foremost Food Company, San Francisco, Calif.; Threonine, Henley Company, New York, N. Y.; Methionine, Nopco Chemical Company, Newark, N. J.; Lysine and Monosodium Glutamate, Merck and Company, Rahway, N. J.; Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil, Proctor and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio.

² Present address: Animal Science Department, Texas Tech. University, Lubbock 79409.