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Changes in the Carcass Composition of Holstein Steers Associated with Ration Energy Levels and Growth^{1, 2,}

University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706

Abstract

CONSUMER preference for beef with a lower fat to muscle ratio has contributed to the increased production of block beef from animals of the larger dairy breeds.

Guenther et al. (1965) studied beef calves from weaning to selected slaughter weights and observed the effect of two planes of nutrition. Maximum muscle growth was found to occur during the first 125 kg increase in post-weaning live weight. Steers fed the high level produced more (P<.05) lean than those fed the moderate level on an age constant basis. On a weight constant basis, however, carcass lean content was not significantly different between nutritional levels. In a similar study, Henrickson, Pope and Hendrickson (1965) found muscles from beef calves, reared on high and medium energy levels, differed little in chemical composition and palatability. Berg and Butterfield (1968) summarized recent research on the growth patterns of bovine tissues and concluded: "most often animals from various experiments have not been slaughtered over a wide weight range to give a clear picture of development patterns of muscle, fat and bone."

¹ This work was supported (in part) by U.S.D.A. Research and Service Contract 12-14-100-7728 (44) from the Animal Husbandry Research Division, A.R.S. and by Oscar Mayer and Company.

² Published with the approval of the Director of the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station. Departments of Meat and Animal Science, Paper No. 566 and Dairy Science.

³ Present address: Films-Packaging Division, Union Carbide Corporation, Chicago, Illinois.