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Occurrence of _sl- and ß-Casein Types in Five Breeds of Beef Cattle

Texas A&M University, College Station 77843

Abstract

INHERITED differences in certain milk proteins of cattle are well known. These differences, generally referred to as genetic polymorphisms, provide genetic markers which help to trace the evolution of cattle. In addition, they may provide information on the mechanisms of gene action in the synthesis of proteins and contribute to a better understanding of the genetic influence on variation in certain important economic traits.

After his discovery of ß-lactoglobulin variation, Aschaffenburg (1961) announced that ß-casein existed in three forms—A, B and C. Peterson and Kopfler (1966), Kiddy, Peterson and Kopfler (1966) and Kiddy, McCann and Thatcher (1968) have shown that ß-casein A can be further subdivided into A¹, A² and A³ when electrophoresis is performed under acid conditions. These three variants behave as if controlled by codominant alleles. Peterson, Nauman and Hamilton (1966) using amino acid composition data have shown that the A² variant may exist in at least three forms, A^2-1, A^2-2, and A^2-3.