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Effects of Atmospheric Ammonia on the Pig¹

Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster

Abstract

Duroc pigs were subjected to four levels of ammonia air contamination (approximately 10, 50, 100 and 150 ppm). Two trials, each of 5-week duration, were completed under controlled environmental conditions of 21.1° C. dry-bulb temperature and 77% relative humidity. During each trial, 36 pigs with an average initial weight of approximately 54 kg. were allotted into four 2.7 x 4.9 m. compartments.

Ammonia concentration had a highly significant adverse effect upon feed consumption and average daily gain. However, there was no significant effect upon efficiency of feed conversion.

In trial 2 Corynebacterium and Pasteurella were isolated from the ethmoid turbinates of two animals removed from the compartment maintained at 150 ppm and from one animal maintained at 100 ppm. Otherwise all gross, microscopic and bacteriological observations were unaffected by ammonia concentration.

Frequency of coughing was increased in animals exposed to the higher ammonia levels.

¹ Approved for publication as Journal Article No. 96–68 by the Associate Director of the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster.

² Department of Agricultural Engineering.

³ Department of Animal Science.