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Discussion

Institute of Animal Genetics, Edinburgh, Scotland

Abstract

Dr. FECHHEIMER has adopted a wide point of view in setting out the consequences of chromosome aberrations in mammals. I will follow his lead by bringing in something about the comparative background in vertebrates: indeed, modification of techniques worked out in Amphibia was the key factor in enabling Prof. M. Fischberg and my self to induce triploidy and tetraploidy in the mammalian embryo (Beatty and Fischberg, 1949; review by beatty, 1957). I shall also enlarge on the bearing of chromosomal deviants on the general theory of sex, because one good reason for studying chromosomal anerations is to make contributions to this theory. Detailed references are available in my 1964 paper.

The range of chromosomal deviants can be visualized by listing just a few of them: the all-female species of the fish, Mollienesia formosa, in which spermatozoa of another species stimulates the egg to develop but contributes no effective chromatin; parthenogenetic and triploid newts (Triturus alpestris); the parthenogenetic lizard Lacerta saxicola armeniaca; adult, fertile parthenogenetic turkeys; the XXY Klinefelter syndrome and the XO Turner's syndrome in man; and the testicular feminization syndrome in man, in which testes are present, the XY constitution is that of a male, but the general phenotype is unmistakably female.