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Embyro Death Resulting from Adverse Environment on Spermatozoa or Ova^{1, 2,}

North Carolina State University, Raleigh

Abstract

These studies demonstrate that the stress of a slight increase in temperature for a short period of time acting on either the spermatozoa before fertilization or on the ovum immediately after fertilization causes the resulting embryo to die some time later in its development. Death rate can be further increased by stresses, such as handling the fertilized ovum. The effects of these different forms of stress are additive, but the physiological mechanisms involved are not readily apparent. It should be emphasized that the stage of development at which application of stress is made is extremely critical in terms of the amount of subsequent embryo development before death. The magnitude of stress can also influence the time when the embryo ceases to develop. However, the most significant point is that the causative force becomes functional during an early phase of development, but its manifestation remains latent until some later phase of development.

¹ From the Animal Science Department, North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, Raleigh, N. C. Published with the approval of the Director of Research, as Paper No. 2238 of the Journal Series.

² Invited paper presented at the 58th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Animal Science, Rutgers—The State University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.