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Expanded or Heat-Processed Fractions of Corn and their Relative Ability to Elicit Esophagogastric Ulcers in Swine¹

Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana

Abstract

Five experiments utilizing a total of 206 pigs were conducted to determine the cause of esophagogastric ulcers resulting from feeding of expanded corn. Weanling pigs were fed diets in which the grain portion was either intact or reconstituted by recombining endosperm, germ and bran fractions which had been treated in various ways. Pigs were slaughtered at about 57 kg. liveweight, and their stomachs were examined for esophagogastric ulcers, erosions and cornification.

Expanded corn was found to be more ulcerogenic than raw corn in all experiments and produced from 0 to 50% esophagogastric ulcers as well as other lesions in this portion of the stomach. The expanded endosperm and bran contained the ulcerogenic activity associated with expanded corn while expanded germ did not.

It appears that neither heat nor gelatinization of starch per se is responsible for the ulcerogenic activity of expanded corn, however, these conditions may in some way play a role in an unknown physical-chemical change of corn during expansion that brings about ulcerogenic activity.

Small particle size of the diet appeared to be the most consistent factor related to treatments that resulted in a high incidence of ulcers and other lesions. Diets of an identical composition produced fewer lesions and ulcers when fed in a coarse form.

Stomachs exhibiting ulcers or lesions were found to have a concomitant increase in fluidity of stomach contents compared to normal stomachs.

In all trials, a greater number of ulcers was observed in castrate male pigs than in females.

The pH of stomach contents at slaughter was found not to be significantly different in pigs with or without esophagogastric ulcers.

¹ Department of Animal Sciences Journal Paper No. 2931, Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station. A portion of this research was supported by Grant No. AM-0773O-03 of the National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

² Present address: Ralston Purina Company, St. Louis, Missouri,

³ Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology. Present address: Director of Continuing Education for Veterinary Science and Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.