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Effect of Protein Source, Autoclaving, and Lysine Supplementation on Gossypol Toxicity¹

North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, Raleigh

Abstract

Graded levels of free gossypol from cottonseed meats were added to corn-degossypolized cottonseed meal and corn-soybean meal diets for growing pigs. Solubility of the soybean nitrogen was reduced from 85% to 35% by autoclaving for 2 hours at 17 lb. of steam pressure. Solubility of cottonseed nitrogen was reduced from 87.4% to 79% by autoclaving for 30 minutes. Rate of gain of pigs fed the autoclaved meals was not significantly reduced. Addition of free gossypol at the levels of 0.03% and 0.036%, respectively, to both corn-cottonseed meal and corn-soybean meal diets resulted in depressed growth and death of the pigs.

In a second study autoclaving degossypolized cottonseed meal for 3 hours at 17 lb. of pressure reduced growth of pigs from 1.26 lb. to 0.38 lb. per day. Addition of 0.2% of L-lysine resulted in growth almost equal to that of pigs receiving non-autoclaved meal (1.09 lb. per day). This was in the presence of 0.026% of added free gossypol. When the free gossypol level was increased to 0.036% of the diet, growth rate was reduced and four of six pigs died from gossypol toxicity. There was no evidence that addition of 0.2% of L-lysine to this high gossypol ration improved growth or reduced death losses.

¹ Approved for publication as Paper No. 1280 in the Journal Series of North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station.

² The authors acknowledge the assistance of the National Cottonseed Products Association, Inc., Dallas, Texas for grants-in-aid; Buckeye Cotton Oil Division of the Buckeye Cellulose Corporation, Cincinnati, Ohio for furnishing degossypolized cottonseed meal; U. S. Department of Agriculture, Southern Regional Research Laboratory, for special analysis of the meals; Buckeye Cotton Oil Co., Raleigh, North Carolina for supplying the cottonseed meats; Chas. Pfizer and Co., Inc. Terre Haute, Indiana for supplying the lysine; and to C. M. Lyman, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station for lysine analysis.