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Criteria of fertility in the bull I. The exhaustion test

Cambridge University, England

Abstract

Introduction

The development of artificial insemination and an increasing realisation that male fertility is an important factor in the maintenance of herd efficiency have led to the demand for scientific standards of sperm-quantity and quality. The work of Williams and Savage, Moench and Holt, McKenzie and Phillips, Gunn, Lagerlof, the Russian workers and many others, have stressed in varying degree the importance of the sperm count, the micropathology of the spermatozoa, the activity, viability and resistance of the spermatozoon. This work has laid a sound basis for the future. Further advance can be confidently expected upon certain general lines.

There is first the establishment of norms of sperm-production for males of different breed and age and under different climatic, seasonal and nutritional conditions, to serve as a basis for an accurate assessment of fertility. In an investigation we have made during the last year, samples of the semen of fourteen bulls have been taken at intervals of about a fortnight and various measurements of these samples have been made.