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Variations in Mammary-Gland Development in Dairy Calves¹

U. S. D. A.

Abstract

Ever since the domestication of animals the product of their mammary glands has played a most vital role in the survival and advancement of the human race. Not only have the mammary glands of domesticated animals, particularly the cow, carried much of the burden of infant feeding, but they have provided a supply of one of Nature's most nearly perfect foods, for older children, adolescents, and adults. Still, although the cow's udder provides a most important food product and is the direct source of the largest single item in the Nation's farm income ($1,421,000,000 for the year 1934) we know little about how it develops or how it functions. It seems appropriate therefore, that the Bureau of Dairy Industry, in studying the relation of the conformation and anatomy of the dairy cow to her milk and butterfat producing ability, should direct its attention to the comparative development, performance, and anatomical structure of the mammary glands of individual dairy animals.

¹ Prepared for presentation before the American Society of Animal Production, Chicago, Illinois, November 29 and 30, 1935.